(link to book on Amazon) #1 ASTROPHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Galactic and Planetary Systems Astrophysics in the 21st Century is an alternative proposal as to how galaxies and planetary systems are formed. The book cover image is that of both a developing protoplanetary system as well as a developing galaxy. The ratios and principals involved are the same. The inner 37% of the radius of a developing system is defined / repurposed as the Hill's Cloud. The outer 63% of the radius is defined / repurposed as the Oort Cloud. Evidence produced in the book also provides a solution for the Dark Matter / Dark Energy riddle of the Cosmos. Astrophysics in the 21st Century culminates 15 years of research, a study of the effects of gravity within a spherical region. Includes #2 as Chapter 10, and #3 as Chapter 1.